Also known as bowel cancer, or colon cancer, the colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum. These are parts of the digestive system that are responsible for processing and eliminating waste products from the body. When cells in either of these areas grow and divide abnormally, they can form a tumor that ultimately may become cancerous.
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new cases of colorectal cancer in 2022 (1)
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most common cancer worldwide (1)
Symptoms of colorectal cancer can include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, as well as diarreha, constipation, or feeling that the bowel does not empty all the way. (2)
However, in many cases, there may be no symptoms present initially, making it important to receive regular screenings as recommended by your doctor.
While colorectal cancer can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, early detection and treatment can help improve outcomes and quality of life for those affected.
Complications may include:
– Blockage of the colon, causing bowel obstruction
– Cancer returning in the colon
– Cancer spreading to other organs or tissues (metastasis)
– Development of a second primary colorectal cancer
Treatment options for colorectal cancer typically depend on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. Surgery to remove the affected portions of the colon or rectum may be necessary, and radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended in addition to or as an alternative to surgery.
Research continues to explore new treatment options and approaches for both early and advanced cases of colorectal cancer. In addition, ongoing efforts are underway to promote awareness and education about the importance of regular screening and early detection.
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There is no single test that can detect colorectal cancer, but several screening methods exist that can help in early detection and prevention. These include stool tests, colonoscopies, and virtual colonoscopies.
If you have concerns about your risk of developing colorectal cancer or any other health issues, speak with your doctor to discuss appropriate screening and prevention options. Get screened for colorectal cancer routinely, beginning at age 45.
References
1. World Cancer Research Fund International – Colorectal cancer statistics. https://www.wcrf.org/cancer-trends/colorectal-cancer-statistics/ accessed 15.04.2025
2. Jin J. Screening for Colorectal Cancer. JAMA. 2021;325(19):2026. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6557. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779991
3. Kikuchi N, Nishiyama T, Sawada T, et al. Perceived Stress and Colorectal Cancer Incidence: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40363. Published 2017 Jan 16. doi:10.1038/srep40363. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5238416/
4. Colon cancer and hydration: Keeping well and staying healthy. (2024, January 17). Colorectal Cancer Alliance. https://colorectalcancer.org/article/colon-cancer-and-hydration-keeping-well-and-staying-healthy
Last updated: 15 April 2025
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